EXPERIENCE:
Academic Faculty Appointments:

Principal Appointment: Assistant Professor of Thermal Science, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota. September, 1993 - Present.

Joint Appointments:

Core Faculty, Biomedical Engineering Institute, University of Minnesota. September, 1995 - Present

Research Faculty, Department of Urologic Surgery, University of Minnesota. June, 1997 - Present

Postdoctoral Researcher Harvard University Massachusetts General Hospital - Shriners Burns Institute Surgical Research Laboratories. EDUCATION:

Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley Department of Mechanical Engineering May, 1992.

M.S. University of California, Berkeley and San Francisco Bioengineering Joint Campus Program. June, 1989.

B.S. University of California, Berkeley Degree in Bioengineering; Minor in German. May, 1987.

HONORS:

NSF Career Award, 1997

Whitaker Young Investigator Award, 1995

NSF Research Initiation Award, 1994

University of Minnesota:

- McKnight Land-Grant Professor, 1997

- Election to Sigma Xi Honor Society, 1995

- Summer Faculty Research Award (Grant-in-Aid), Summer 1994

- Bush Teaching Program, Fall 1994 - Department of Mechanical Engineering

- Richard and Barbara Nelson Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Sept. 1993 - present

Harvard Medical School - Department of Surgery

- John F. Burke Postdoctoral Fellowship in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Oct. 1992

American College of Cryosurgery

- Outstanding Research Award, 1991

University of California at San Francisco

- Regents Fellowship recipient, 1987-89

University of California at Berkeley

- Graduated with Honors, 1987

- Tau Beta Pi Engineering Honor Society, 1986

- Honor Student Society, 1985-1987

- Kennedy Interdisciplinary Award in German, 1987

Professional and Honor Societies

1992 - Present: American Association for the Advancement of Science

1992 - Present: American Society of Mechanical Engineers

1994 - Present: K17 - Heat and Mass Transfer Committee

1985 - Present: Tau Beta Pi Engineering Honor Society

1995 - Present: Sigma Xi Honor Society

1992 - Present: The Society of Cryobiology

1993 - Present: New York Academy of Science

1994 - Present: Microscopy Society of America

1997 - Present: The Biophysical Society

COLLABORATORS:

University wide:

Dr. Ken Roberts and Dr. John Hulbert - "Urologic Applications of Cryosurgery." Department of Urologic Surgery University of Minnesota

Dr. June LeValleur and Theodore Nagel - "Cryosurgery of Uterine Fibroids." Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Minnesota

Michael Hoey - "Thermal Coagulation for the Treatment of Prostatic Disease." Department of Physiology University of Minnesota

Dr. Jack Lewis - "Cryopreservation of Chondrocyte Cultures." Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Mechanical Engineering University of Minnesota

Dr. Kumar Tamma - "Finite Element Modeling of Phase Change in Biological Systems." Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Minnesota

National and International:

Dr. Cheryl Walker - "Cryosurgery of Uterine Fibroids." University of Texas at Smithville M.D. Anderson Cancer Center

Dr. Ken Storey - "Freeze Tolerance: The Study of Mechanisms to Survive in the Frozen State." Department of Biochemistry Carlton University, Canada.

PUBLICATIONS (15):

1. Effects of Cooling Rate and Glycerol Concentration on the Structure of the Frozen Kidney: Assessment by Cryo-Scanning Electron Microscopy. J. Bischof, C.J. Hunt, B. Rubinsky, A. Burgess, and D.E. Pegg. Cryobiology 27, 301-310 (1990).

2. Cryomicroscopic Analysis of Freezing in Liver in the Freeze Tolerant Wood Frog. K.B. Storey, J. Bischof, and B. Rubinsky. American Journal of Physiology 263, R185-R194 (1992).

3. An Analytical Study of Cryosurgery in Lung. J.C. Bischof, J. Bastacky, and B. Rubinsky. ASME Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 114 (4), 467-472 (1992).

4. Microscale Heat and Mass Transfer of Vascular and Intracellular Freezing in the Liver. J.C. Bischof and B. Rubinsky. ASME J. Heat Transfer 115 (4), 1029-1035 (1993).

5. A Morphological Study of Cooling Rate Response in Normal and Neoplastic Human Liver Tissue: Cryosurgical Implications. J.C. Bischof, K. Christov and B. Rubinsky. Cryobiology 30, 482-492 (1993).

6. Large ice crystals in the nucleus of rapidly frozen liver cells. J. C. Bischof and B. Rubinsky. Cryobiology 30, 597-603 (1993).

7. Dynamics of Cell Membrane Permeability Changes at Supraphysiological Temperatures. J.C. Bischof, J.T. Padanilam, R. Ezzel, W.T. Thorpe, R. Tompkins, M.L. Yarmush, M. Toner. Biophysical Journal 68, 2608- 2614, (1995).

8. Measurement and Simulation of Water Transport During Freezing in Mammalian Liver Tissue. P. Pazhayannur and J.C. Bischof. ASME Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 119(3), 269-277 (1997).

9. Cryosurgery of Dunning AT-1 Rat Prostate Tumor: Thermal, Biophysical and Viability Response at the Cellular and Tissue Level. J.C. Bischof, D. Smith, P.V. Pazhayannur, C. Manivel, J. Hulbert, and K.P. Roberts. Cryobiology (34) 42-69, (1997).

10. Rectal Protection During Prostate Cryosurgery: Design and Characterization of an Insulating Probe. J.C. Bischof, N. Merry, and J. Hulbert. Cryobiology (34) 80-92, (1997).

11. Ice Formation in Isolated Human Hepatocytes and Tissue of Human Liver. J.C. Bischof, C.M. Ryan, R.G. Tompkins, M.L. Yarmush, and M. Toner. In Press ASAIO Journal (1997).

12. Biochemical Alterations and Tissue Viability in AT-1 Prostate Tumor Tissue After In Vitro Cryoinjury. K. P. Roberts, D. J. Smith, H. Ozturk, A. Kazem, P. V. Pazhayannur, J.C. Hulbert, and J.C. Bischof. Cryo-Letters 18, 241-250 (1997).

13. Heat Transfer - A Review of 1994 Literature. E. Eckert, R. Goldstein, W. Ibele, S. Patankar, T. Simon, P. Strykowski, K. Tamma, T. Kuehn, A. Bar-Cohen, J. Heberlein, D. Hofeldt, J. Davidson, J. Bischof, F. Kulacki. Int. J. of Heat and Mass Transfer Vol. 40(16): 3279-3804 (1997).

14. Measurement of Water Transport during Freezing in Cell Suspensions using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter. R. V. Devireddy, D. Raha, and J.C. Bischof. (Accepted pending revisions) Cryobiology (1997).

15. The Effect of Dimethylsulfoxide on the Water Transport Response of Rat Liver Cells and Tissue During Freezing. D.J. Smith, M. Schulte, L.D. Pham and J.C. Bischof. (Accepted pending revisions) ASME Journal of Biomechanical Engineering (1997).

REFEREED CONFERENCE PAPERS (7):

A Mathematical Model of Vascular and Intracellular Freezing in Biological Tissue. J.C. Bischof and B. Rubinsky. ASME - HTD, Winter Annual Meeting (1992).

Effects of Supraphysiological Temperatures on the Plasma Membrane of Isolated Skeletal Muscle Cells. J.T. Padanilam, J.C. Bischof, R.C. Lee, E.G. Cravalho, R.G. Tompkins, M.L. Yarmush, M. Toner. ASME - HTD 268, 69 -72 (1993).

Effectiveness of Polaxamer 188 in Arresting Calcein Leakage from Thermally Damaged Isolated Skeletal Muscle Cell Membranes. J.T. Padanilam, J.C. Bischof, R.C. Lee, E.G. Cravalho, R.G. Tompkins, M.L. Yarmush, and M. Toner. Ann. N.Y. Acad.Sci. 720, 111-123 (1994).

Water Transport During Freezing in Mammalian Tissue. P. Pazhayannur, J.C. Bischof. ASME-Bioengineering Division -Summer Bioengineering Conference BED -29, 271- 272 (1995).

Measurement and Simulation of Water Transport During Freezing in Mammalian Liver Tissue. P.Pazhayannur and J.C. Bischof. ASME Winter Annual Meeting- HTD - 322, BED - 32, 91-92 (1995).

Measurement of Water Transport During Freezing Using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter. R. Devireddy, D. Raha, and J.C. Bischof. ASME IMECE HTD - 337/BED-34, 37-42 (1996).

A Model of Cryosurgical Destruction in AT-1 Prostate Tumor Based on Cellular Damage Mechanisms. D.J. Smith, S. J. Josephson, and J. C. Bischof. Accepted for ASME IMECE (1997).

PROCEEDINGS (15):

Directional Solidification of Tissue Samples for Electron Microscopy. B. Rubinsky, J. Bischof, J. Bastacky, T.L. Hayes. Abstract in proceedings of Scanning, (1989).

A Mathematical Model for the Process of Freezing in Tissue. J. Bischof, B. Rubinsky. Cryobiology 28, 558(1991).

The Mechanism of Freezing in Liver: Experiments on Mammalian Liver and Freeze Tolerant Frog Liver. J. C. Bischof, B. Rubinsky and K. Storey. Cryobiology 29, 723 (1992).

Vascular and Intracellular Freezing of Liver Tissue: A Mathematical Model. J. C. Bischof and B. Rubinsky. Cryobiology 29, 773 (1992).

The Mechanism of Freezing in Normal and Tumorous Human Liver. J.C. Bischof, B. Rubinsky and K. Christov. Cryobiology 29, 776 (1992).

Freezing of Human Hepatocytes in Liver Tissue. J.C. Bischof, M. Toner, C. Ryan, R.G. Tompkins, and M.L. Yarmush. Cryobiology 30, 625 (1993).

A New Microscopy Method to Assess Mass Transfer During Freezing in Rat Liver Tissue Slices. Parasuram Pazhayannur, Debopam Raha, and J.C. Bischof. Proceedings of Microscopy Society of America (1995).

Effect of DMSO on Water Transport Parameters of Isolated Rat Hepatocytes During Freezing. M. Schulte and J C. Bischof. Cryobiology 32, 553 (1995).

Determination of Water Transport Parameters of Rat Liver Tissue by a Quantitative Microscopy Technique. P. Pazhayannur and J. C. Bischof. Cryobiology 32, 573 (1995).

Differential Scanning Calorimetry: Thermal Analysis of Cells and Tissues at Subzero Temperatures to Measure the Biophysical Parameters of Water Transport. R.V. Devireddy, D. Raha, J.C. Bischof. Cryobiology 33, 638-639 (1996).

Ice Formation in Cells and Tissues During Freezing. J.C. Bischof. Cryobiology 33, 635 (1996).

In Vitro and In Vivo Cryoablation of Dunning AT-1 Rat Prostate Tumor: Thermal, Biophysical and Viability Response at the Cellular and Whole Tissue Level. D. Smith, P.V. Pazhayannur, C. Manivel, J. Hulbert, K.P. Roberts, J.C. Bischof. Cryobiology 33, 621-622 (1996).

The Effect of Dimethylsulfoxide on the Water Transport Response of Rat Liver Cells and Tissue During Freezing. D.J. Smith, M. Schulte, L.D. Pham, and J.C. Bischof. Will appear December Issue ofCryobiology 34, (1997).

Measured Dehydration in AT-1 Rat Tumor Tissue During Freezing. R. V. Devireddy and J. C. Bischof. Will appear December Issue ofCryobiology 34, (1997).

A Model of Cryosurgical Destruction in AT-1 Rat Prostate Tumor Based on Cellular Damage Mechanisms. D.J. Smith, S.J. Josephson, and J.C. Bischof. Will appear December Issue ofCryobiology 34, (1997)

PATENT (1):

Patent: Thermally Insulating Surgical Probe. Bischof J.C., Merry N., Hulbert J.H.

INVITED TALKS (9):

Quantification of thermal and biophysical events during freezing in biological systems. Center for Turbulence Research. Stanford University, CA. August 26, (1997).

Freezing of Cells and Tissues: Cryobiology Tutorial. Cell and Tissue Engineering . Short Course. University of Minnesota. Organizer: Professor Wei Shou Hu of the Dept. of Chemical Engineering. August 12, (1997).

Thermal, Biophysical and Viability Events Within Normal and Tumorous Tissue During Freezing: Cryosurgical Implications. J.C. Bischof . Helmholtz-Institut für Biomedizinishce Technik an der RWTH Aachen, Germany, June 17, (1997).

Ice Formation in Cells and Tissues During Freezing. J.C. Bischof. Keynote for Principles/Ice Formation Session. 33rd Annual Meeting of the Society of Cryobiology, August 17-21, Westin Hotel, Indianapolis, Indiana (1996).

Mechanisms of Cryo-Destruction. Cryosurgical Treatment of Hepatic Malignancies for General Surgeons and Medical Oncologists. J. C. Bischof . Minneapolis, Minnesota, Hennepin County Medical Center. Aug. 10, (1996).

Cryosurgical Damage at the Cellular and Whole Tissue Level. J.C. Bischof and K.P. Roberts. American Urological Association Annual Meeting - CANDELA cryosurgery user's Meeting. Orlando Florida, May 4, (1996).

Cryosurgery of Dunning AT-1 Rat Prostate Tumor: Thermal, Biophysical and Viability Response at the Cellular and Whole Tissue Level. D. Smith, P.V. Pazhayannur, C. Manivel, J. Hulbert, K.P. Roberts, J.C. Bischof. Surgical Applications of Energy Sources Conference, Estes Park, CO. May 17-19, (1996).

Cellular Injury During Freezing. J.C. Bischof. Hepatic Cryosurgery Course. Minneapolis, Minnesota, Grand Hotel (Mall of America), March 2, (1996).

Cryobiology of Liver Cryosurgery. J.C. Bischof. Hepatic Cryosurgery Course. Fargo, North Dakota, Department of Surgery, University of North Dakota. Feb. 21, (1996).

Invited research talks prior to 1996:

- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Surgery

- University of Chicago, Department of Surgery

- University of Minnesota, Departments of:

- Aerospace, Agricultural Engineering - Biomedical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering.

CHAIRED SESSIONS (1):

Nucleation Crystallization and Phase Change in Biological Tissues. Co-chair: Dr. M. Toner. ASME IMECE HTD - 337/BED-34 (1996).